The Little-Known Secrets to Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should

The Little-Known Secrets to Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should If you are thinking about how to begin a compare and contrast essay or simply want to learn how to write one well, first you have to comprehend its objective. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Exemplification essay topics in a matter of many seconds. Together with the topics, you'd come across loads of papers free of charge. At exactly the same time, it would likewise help you to have a better picture of what are the arguments you had made and whether they are relevant. Another style of starting this kind of essay is to describe some event and analyze its consequences. Then, the author jots down the many causes for home robberies surrounding the most important cause. In fact, all kinds of writing have their own methods of influencing the knowledge of an individual. Choosing Good Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should You may require any particular sources for your c ustomized term paper. It is advised to look for the one which has a superior reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable rates. It's fine to get creative. A prosperous process essay is going to be detailed enough so a reader will have all the info required to finish the job. Instead, a writer can always do a little planning so as to think of an essay. Our writers can make term papers in various language styles. Such expert writers can assist the students complete essays of any type effortlessly. If you're in need of private essay writing help, don't hesitate to request essay writing assistance at our website. Using our professional essay writing service, you obtain a range of free services including totally free revisions, absolutely free cover page and outline, completely free formatting upon request, completely free editing, and absolutely free essay shipping. In addition, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. Description to write what's the internet locate a dissertation online important. The Basics of Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should You'll also sprinkle in some supporting arguments to cooperate with it. For instance, if you are interested in being strongly identified with the topic, then it is possible to increase the amount of your arguments about the outcomes of an active event. By comparison, a weak topic sentence will lead to an unorganized paragraph, and the rea der is going to be confused because the support or details won't be focused. If a single case in point is very vividand compelling, it can occasionally be sufficient to support a topic sentence. In the conclusion, you wish to bring a bit more information but not so much you have a completely new paragraph. The topic sentence demands that student plan what they're attempting to prove in the paragraph before the draft. The topic sentence shouldn't be too general or too specific. Placing the topic sentence at the launch of a paragraph guarantees that the reader knows precisely what information will be presented. Now you've been requested to compose an exemplification essay and you aren't certain which way to take it. At this time you're not only going to learn the fundamentals of an exemplification essay but in addition the best way to produce a terrific essay by yourself. A comparison essay is among them. Basically, an exemplification essay is a sort of argumentative essay. Now, you're assigned to compose an Exemplification Essay, and you're slightly baffled. By doing this you can secure a far better pictures of the essay which you ought to write about. Beowulf and Churchill, however, are a lot more different heroes than it may appear to be. Essay assignments are short parts of academic writing that are intended to analyze, discuss or describe 1 topic. The absolute most important feature to keep in mind when writing an expository essay is you shouldn't write about your own private opinions. Our writers are prepared to assist you with any other essay type, for example, descriptive essays. Choosing Custom Essay you could possibly be sure the most suitable writer is going to be chosen to finish your term paper.

How Technology Affects Our Society - 1709 Words

In today’s society, the development of the internet has taken over how we interact with others and live our day to day lives. There are many different perspectives on how exactly this new infrastructure effects our society as a whole. Miller asserts the question â€Å"in a world where our interactions are increasingly mediated through online technologies, are we becoming less practiced in the art of face to face conversation?† Other authors and artists of the generation agree with Millers beliefs; however, they discuss them from varying points of view that help us fully formulate an idea of how interconnectedness through technology negatively affects our society. Technology has always been developed with the intent to make life easier and more efficient, however the invention and maturation of social media appears to have only complicated things for those who utilize it in day to day life. The concept of a â€Å"friend† has been challenged and altered in many way s thanks to social media. Curtis Silver discusses these alterations in his article The Quagmire of Social Media Friendships. His belief is that before social media came into existence, a friend was someone who you could count on to come help you out at the most random of times, someone you could talk to and interact with in person, and most importantly someone you have an emotional connection to or get along with very well. The issue is that humans are not mentally able to maintain a large amount of relationships that meetShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Affects Our Society1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthe assessment, including the purpose and appropriate use of the assessment, student population for whom the assessment is intended, how the assessment was developed, how it was administered, how the results were scored/evaluated, and how the results are intended to be used. [ This formative assessment is a group presentation on technology’s impact on our society, which will be completed after watching the documentary, Digital Nation. Students have a template, example presentations to referenceRead MoreTechnology : The Impact Of Technology And Its Impact On The Future905 Words   |  4 Pagesan era of advanced technology, where every part of our daily lives is impacted by it. Recently we have found ourselves heavily dependent on the use technology and our needs and demands for more keep rising. The more advanced it becomes, the more it seems to have control over our lives. While it is impossible to explore how each new advanced technology has impacted our lives and how it will impact the future, it continues to affect our environment, people and society. Technology by its self is notRead MoreEssay on â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† and â€Å"Get Smarter†1370 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, how much do we really get from the consta nt advancement of Internet use and smarter technology? Should we look at their contributions to the world as a benefactor or a curse? The common effect of â€Å"artificial intelligence† in the technology we use every day is examined by two brilliant authors, Nicholas Carr and Jamias Cascio. In Carr’s article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid†, he explains the effects of the Internet and technology in our society and claims that the overuse of technology is dangerousRead MoreOur Helpless Dependance on Technology1674 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology started out as a necessity, people needed it back when they werent guaranteed safety, heat, shelter etc. Technology similarly started off by accidental discoveries that slowly morphed into technology today. Technology in the past is much more different than what it is today. Take the example of fire. Fire started by accident but furthermore led to expansion into creating bigger fires. To be exact this happened because there was a need to keep warm and have a source of light. The discoveryRead MoreElectronic Devices Affect The Way We Communicate1362 Words   |  6 Pages Today, people around the world are influenced by technologies and use it on a daily basis. It seems like they can’t let go because these electronic devices are so attached to them and it’s an addiction. Electronic devices affect the way we communicate, perceive information, and solve problems. Google changes the way how people find information and solve problems and that they are not using their brain at its full potential. With all the technological advancement, they’re affecting the younger generationsRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of te chnology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives ofRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Lives Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Has Taken Over Our Lives Our society has become dangerously dependent on technology. Easy access to technology during every minute of the day can be useful at some points, but overall is not necessary. Specific problems, and causes will give us a glimpse into our growing dependency and how it is affecting our lives in various ways, none of which are appealing. Our society has become too dependent on technology. New technology used in areas such as medicine, business, manufacturing andRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives of youthRead MoreInvention Is the Mother of Necessities1649 Words   |  7 Pages† - Marshall McLuhan Questions We Ask Ourselves Marshall McLuhan s saying, Invention is the mother of necessities, is an example of wit. How is it witty? What is the original saying? You need wit to think about technology, for wit demands creative thinking. And once you start thinking creatively, you start to see the effect of technology on us all. The usual saying is, Necessity is the mother of invention. That makes sense: right now, for example, the world may be running out of oilRead MoreThe Impact of Computer Technology in our Social World939 Words   |  4 Pages Computers and technology are two of mostly discussed topics today. Technology has a huge impact in our world. There are advantages and disadvantages about computers and technology – it affects individuals and families, businesses, schools and the entire society. We discuss its usefulness, how it affects people and their health, and how it affects the environment. Computers are one of the fastest evolving technologies. There are so many reasons why computers are both beneficial and disadvantageous

Contemporary Issues in Development of Finance

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues in Development of Finance. Answer: Introduction: The essay is based on the analytical classification and measurement of world economies based on the estimated gross national income per capital for the earlier year. The restructured GNI per capita approximations is used as the input in this study to perform the working categorization of economies that helps in determining the lending eligibility of the low and high income countries (Bulman et al., 2017). As of 1st July 2015, the low-income economies have been classified as those nations having gross national income per capita of less than $1,045 during 2014. On the other hand, the high-income economies can be classified as those economies that have gross national income per capita of $12,736 or more. In addition to this, the lower income economies and higher income economies are separated from each other. For the purpose of analysis the countries undertaken for studies are classified in composition of their income so that the study can be facilitative in demonstrating the economic s cenario of the country. The gross national income per capita represents is considered as the value of dollar of a nation final income during a given year, which is divided by the population. It helps in reflecting the average income of nation citizens. It is worth mentioning that having knowledge of a nation GNI per capita is the primary step towards understanding the nations economic strength and needs (Tanimura et al., 2014). The gross national income per capita of a country is very much closely related with the other indicators that helps in measuring the social, economic and environmental well being of the nations and its people. For instance, people living in countries having high amount of Gross National income per capita generally has longer life expectations, higher rate of literacy with better access to harmless water and lesser rate of infant mortality. The data undertaken for study ranges from the period of 1970 to 2010 for both Lower income countries and higher income countries. The essay makes the use of annual balanced data so that it can assess the connection amid the foreign direct investment and economic growth, which is measured in terms of the real GDP for 30 lower income countries covering from the period of 1970 to 2010. By taking into the considerations, the current econometric method of study takes into the account the data in order to analyse the growth FDI nexus (Grimes et al., 2014). The empirical results help in indicating the two-way granger casualty relationship amid the FDI and expansion of the economy. More specifically the findings remain robust in the estimation between the foreign direct investment as a portion of gross capital formation and real GDP growth. Description of the data and methodology: The economic data of 30 low income and high-income countries are organised under the numerous different accounting conventions that contains the system of national accounts with government finances. Data given on low income countries necessarily consists of data on Central African Republic, Bangladesh, Comoros, Cameron, Congo, Sri Lanka, Chad and Bolivia among many others. In essence, data on global development indicators can be considered as the collection of diverse cross nation data on growth. Again, important data reflected for diverse economies point towards the fact that there subsists an association between foreign direct investments, financial markets along with rate of growth of the nation. Again, the high-middle countries data are essentially on Argentina, Andorra, Algeria and many others. There has been a progress in unifying the theory of national accounts however there are several kinds of national variations for the successful implementation of the standard (Arvis et al ., 2016). Under the framework of corporate framework, it is mandatory that ownership of minimum 10% of the ordinary shares of voting stock becomes the necessary condition for the continuation of direct investment relation. An ownership of lower than 10% is considered as the portfolio investment. The FDI not only consists of the mergers, acquisition, and new form of investment but also consist of the reinvestment of the earnings and loans. A nation can be regarded as the host to the FDI ventures in their own nation and can be the participant in investment projects in other nation. A nations internal FDI is generally made up of the host nation foreign direct investment projects (Teo et al., 2013). On the other hand, the external FDI consists of those investment projects that are owned out of the country. Nigeria as a nation given the amount of the natural resource base and larger market size qualifies as one of the main receiver of foreign direct investment in Africa. It is indeed regarded as one of the foremost African nation that has constantly managed to draw FDI in the past decade. However, it is worth mentioning that the degree of foreign direct investment attracted by Nigeria is ordinary in comparison to the foundations of resource and potential need (Tanner Harpham, 2014). As evident from the data the relationship amid the foreign direct investment and growth might be periodically specific that states that relationship of foreign direct investment in low-income countries may not be similar to that of the higher income countries. The outcomes of the study established the link amid the FDI and economic expansion could not be regarded as unanimous in their submissions. A careful examination from the study states that conscious effort were not made to give due care to the piece o f evidence that FDI inflows in Nigeria is made into the extractive business (Bruce Mearns, 2016). WESP makes the use of exchange rate conversion of national information so that it can obtain the output of the aggregate individual countries under the provincial and international totals. The growth in the output each country is derived from the amount of gross domestic product is measured from 1970-2010 prices and exchanges rates. Data for the GDP in 2005 in nationwide countries were transformed into the dollar amount, which is exchanged in terms of the time in real GDP for each of the nation. The exchange rate basis of methods is different from the one that is implemented by the IMF and the World Bank in relation to the estimates of the world and regional economic growth (Simpson, 2014). During the last two decades, the enlargement of world gross product based on the rate of exchange for low-income group nation has been below the purchasing power parity. The reason behind is that develop nations around the world on aggregate basis have witnessed a significantly higher economic growth than the lower income nation. In the years of 1990 and 2000 the share in world gross product of these nations were larger under the purchasing power parity measurements than under the market exchange rates (Flenady et al., 2016). A large number of research interests have represented the association among the FDI and economic expansion even though most the data is not located in African nations. As evident from the growing aggregate outlay if one point of percentage increases the GDP the economic growth of higher income countries increases by 0.1% from 0.1% to 0.2% on an annual basis (Perry et al., 2014). Furthermore, increasing the FDI by the similar sum approximately increases the growth rate by 0.6 per cent in the year. Thus, this helps indicating that the foreign direct investment can be regarded as three time more efficient than the domestic investment. The description from the data states that foreign direct investment helps in influencing the sum of capital per individual. Due to the diminishing return of capital it does not reflect economic growth in long run. As argued by (Lascu, 2014) although the FDI is positively related with the economic expansion the host nation need minimum amount of economic steadiness with liberalised market so that it can benefit from the inflows of foreign direct investment. Studies have suggested that the direct long-term impact of the FDI on the quantity of output is regarded as positive in comparison to those nations that not very advanced such as Philippines and Indonesia. The degree of economic expansion might not be considered as enabling factors in the foreign FDI. Economic growth helps in reducing the poverty; the fast growing nations are cutting down the income gap with the economies of higher income (Delavari et al., 2013). However, growth should be upheld over the long-term and gains derived from such kind of growth should be shared in order to enhance the well-being of the citizens. During the financial crisis that began in the year 2007 it expanded from high-income countries to low income countries during 2008. This turned out to be the most difficult global recession in the last 50 years and created an impact on the sustained development of the global economy. The average amount of yearly growth of GDP per capital in the developing nations was though considered to be faster than that of the high income nations as it slowed from 5 per cent to 4.5 per cent from the period of 2009-2013 (Prince et al., 2013). The high-income nations grew at the average of 1.3 per cent even after the crisis down from the 1.5 per cent prior to the crisis. The Middle East and north African countries witnessed the largest fall with average yearly GDP growth rate falling to 2.6 per cent points prior to the before the period of crisis. The data derived from the World Bank categorises the courtiers by calculating the average wealth of the every country inhabitants. This states that the nations populations divide the annual gross national income and it is ranked as lower income country to higher income country. Several high-income nations such as Bahrain and Kuwait have amassed great amount of wealth whereas others have been struggling with poverty with inactive financial systems and lower average standard of living (MacPherson et al., 2014). Wealth can be defined as the over consumption of the resources within a nation whereas poverty can lead to the overconsumption of the capital within the country. Poverty paves the way for the overconsumption of the resources within the nation and high rate of morality leads to political instability. The data describes that high income nations have industrialised themselves in the early days of the industrial revolution. Wealthiest nations include from Western Europe and Asian countries comprises of Japan and Taiwan, which have industrialised themselves and have moved rapidly towards development (Jorgenson et al., 2016). Countries exporting oil in the Middle East makes up the middle-income category. South American countries such as Chile, Argentina and Venezuela are classified in the categories of upper end of middle income. Much of the African and nations located in the Asian and Eastern Europe with less amount of industrialization economics fall in the categories of low income (Lewis, 2013). These nations consists of rural populations that are moving rapidly into the cities that are expanding and exploding the populations. According to the data obtained from the world bank as of 2003 it reported that 15 per cent of the global population lived in high income nations however these nations took over undertook more than 80 per cent of the global income. About 40 per cent of the worlds population reside in lower income countries however; they share less than 4 per cent of the worlds wealth (McCombie Thirlwall, 2016). The data obtained from the World Bank states that 44 of the global population resided in the middle-income countries however; they only earned 16 per cent of the worlds income. According to the projections of World Bank, only 13 per cent of the worlds population will reside in high-income countries with 62 per cent of the populations living in low-income nations and 25 per cent of the population living in the middle-income nations. The low income nations might move up and down in these categories on yearly basis but the global inequalities is reasonably well-established although the international standard of living on an average basis has increased. Depending upon the set of statistics taken into the considerations one can derive the notion that the gap amid the high and low-income nations is increasing or it is shrinking (Kuznets, 2016). The reason behind this is that several economics have witnessed significant growth in their economy such as china whereas nations such as Nigeria and Kenya have continued to struggle. The present segment considers the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow on economys growth. For instance, Nigeria has a certain specific quantity of natural resources and a huge sized market and meets the criteria of receiver of FDI. Again, Nigeria has managed to draw huge amount of FDI in the past decade. Nonetheless, extent of FDI attracted by the country can be considered to be very small as compared to the base of the resource. However, the outcomes of the report divulged the fact enhancement of the whole aggregate investment by approximately 1% GDP amplified growth of the economy of several nations of Latin America by approximately 0.1% to 0.2% every year, nevertheless enhancing FDI by the indistinguishable amount improved growth by approximately 0.6% each year (). Scatter plot is used to plot the FDI vs GDP of both the group of countries. A scatter plot is used to unearth the relationship between the two variables. A scatter plot measures the variation in one variable against a second variable. Moreover, a fit-line is added to the scatter plot. The fit-line shows the trend of the variables. Analysis of Data: GDP at purchase price can be defined as the price of the sum of gross value, which adds value by the entire occupant manufacturer in the economy along with any kind of product taxes but excluding the value of output. GDP is derived without subtracting the depreciation of fictitious capital assets for the diminution and degradation of the natural resources (Scully, 2014). From the data analysis, it is understood that the rate of GDP for the middle-income group of nations and higher income group of nations is not separated by large sum. The consensus derived from the literature is understood that the FDI increases with the expansion through production and gaining efficiency. The pragmatic facts derived is not considered unanimous. However, the availability of the evidence for developed countries undertaken in the analysis seemed to sustain the thought that the production of the household firms is positively linked to the idea of productivity of the domestic firms (Sbia et al., 014). The results from the data indicate that the productivity of the domestic firms is positively related to the presence of the foreign firms. From the data analysis it can be observed that the results from the developing countries cannot be regarded as clear with few findings are of positive spill over and others reporting is restricted to the evidence. The role of the FDI on the economic expansion is very much country specific and can be considered to be positive, negative or significant based on the economic institutional and technical situations in the receiver nations. Compared to the capital stock estimations obtained under the perpetual inventory system country balance sheets have four important advantages. Primarily they take into the considerations the non produced assets in the form of land which cannot be assessed in terms of the cumulative past investment flows (Kivyiro Arminen, 2014). It could be considered as consistently accounting for the non-produced asset if one wants to conduct slow type of growth accounting exercise by computing the marginal product of the capital. High and Middle Income Countries: From the scatter of FDI vs GDP, we find that the data is most concentrated from -10 of wdi_gdppcr to 20 wdi_gdppcr. Thus, it can be said that the gdp of middle and high income countries are very close to each other. In addition, we find that with an increase in FDI there is less increase in GDP of the high and middle-income countries (Chan, 2016). This can be attributed to the fact that middle and higher income countries have reached a level of gdp. Hence, the growth potential in such countries is less. An analysis of the fdi_gdp vs wdi_gdppcgr shows that the correlation between the two variables for High and Middle Income Countries is r = 0.1523. Hence, we can say that the correlation between FDI and GDP of Middle and High Income countries is weak, positive and linear. In addition the correlation is statistically significant, p 0.001, less than 0.05, level of significance. Low Income Countries: From the scatter of FDI vs GDP we find that the data is most concentrated from 0 of wdi_gdppcr to 50 wdi_gdppcr. Thus, it can be said that the gdp of Low-income countries are very close to each other. In addition, from the above scatter plot we find that there is much variation in the gdp of Liberia over the 30-year period (Omri Kahouli, 2014). In addition, we find that with an increase in FDI there is larger increase in GDP of Low income countries. This can be attributed to the fact that there is potential for growth in low-income countries. An analysis of the fdi_gdp vs wdi_gdppcgr shows that the correlation between the two variables for Low Income Countries is r = 0.0665. Hence, we can say that the correlation between FDI and GDP of Low Income countries is very weak, positive and linear (Alfaro Charlton, 2013)). In addition the correlation is statistically significant, p = 0.0243, less than 0.05, level of significance. Conclusion: It is important to denote that the government must be concentrating on offering the basic infrastructure so that it can support the domestic organisation and private sector that are willing to make investment in the domestic funds of the economy. The responses from the private initiatives are considered as commendable however, there is a need for more favourable policies that should be specifically targeting the opposed. The arithmetical capability indicator is considered as useful in checking and keeping track of tools for assessing the changes in national numerical capacity along with the helping the government to recognise the gaps in their ability to amass, manufacture and use the data. The combination of the statistical capacity helps in indicating that most of the developing countries have improved ever since the assessment commenced in the year 2004. The study has significantly and systematically evaluated the impact of FDI inflow in the 30 low-income countries and higher inco me countries from the period ranging from 1970 to 2010. The pragmatic element of the research is attempted to confirm whether the FDI inflow create an impact on the economic studies of the macro level of finding. This represents that FDI inflows does not have positive impact on the low-income countries. The study has argued that there is a need to enhance the foreign direct investment for economic development. Countries must take into the considerations the advantage of spill over and this represents that an economy is improving before an investors can visit the nation. Reference list: Alfaro, L., Charlton, A. (2013). Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment. InThe Industrial Policy Revolution I(pp. 162-204). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Arvis, J. F., Duval, Y., Shepherd, B., Utoktham, C., Raj, A. (2016). Trade Costs in the Developing World: 19962010.World Trade Review,15(03), 451-474. Bruce, J. W., Mearns, R. (2016). Natural resource management and land policy in developing countries: Lessons learned and new challenges for the World Bank. Bulman, D., Eden, M., Nguyen, H. (2017). Transitioning from low-income growth to high-income growth: is there a middle-income trap?.Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy,22(1), 5-28. Bthe, T., Milner, H. V. (2014). Foreign direct investment and institutional diversity in trade agreements: Credibility, commitment, and economic flows in the developing world, 19712007.World Politics,66(01), 88-122. Chan, S. (Ed.). (2016).Foreign direct investment in a changing global political economy. Springer. Delavari, M., Snderlund, A. L., Swinburn, B., Mellor, D., Renzaho, A. (2013). Acculturation and obesity among migrant populations in high income countriesa systematic review.BMC public health,13(1), 458. Flenady, V., Wojcieszek, A. M., Middleton, P., Ellwood, D., Erwich, J. J., Coory, M., ... Lawn, J. E. (2016). Stillbirths: recall to action in high-income countries.The Lancet,387(10019), 691-702. Grimes, C. E., Henry, J. A., Maraka, J., Mkandawire, N. C., Cotton, M. (2014). Cost-effectiveness of surgery in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review.World journal of surgery,38(1), 252-263. Jorgenson, D., Gollop, F. M., Fraumeni, B. (2016).Productivity and US economic growth(Vol. 169). Elsevier. Kivyiro, P., Arminen, H. (2014). Carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment: Causality analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa.Energy,74, 595-606. Kuznets, S. (2016).Six lectures on economic growth. Routledge. Lascu, D. N. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of the Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Consumer in High-Income and in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research,82, 37. Lewis, W. A. (2013).Theory of economic growth(Vol. 7). Routledge. MacPherson, P., Houben, R. M., Glynn, J. R., Corbett, E. L., Kranzer, K. (2014). Pre-treatment loss to follow-up in tuberculosis patients in low-and lower-middle-income countries and high-burden countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,92(2), 126-138. McCombie, J., Thirlwall, A. P. (2016).Economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint. Springer. Olayiwola, K., Okodua, H. (2013). Foreign direct investment, non-oil exports, and economic growth in Nigeria: a causality analysis.Asian Economic and financial review,3(11), 1479. Omri, A., Kahouli, B. (2014). Causal relationships between energy consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth: Fresh evidence from dynamic simultaneous-equations models.Energy Policy,67, 913-922. Perry, H. B., Zulliger, R., Rogers, M. M. (2014). Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness.Annual review of public health,35, 399-421. Prince, M., Bryce, R., Albanese, E., Wimo, A., Ribeiro, W., Ferri, C. P. (2013). The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Alzheimer's Dementia,9(1), 63-75. Sbia, R., Shahbaz, M., Hamdi, H. (2014). A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE.Economic Modelling,36, 191-197. Scully, G. W. (2014).Constitutional environments and economic growth. Princeton University Press. Shahbaz, M., Nasreen, S., Afza, T. (2014). Environmental consequences of economic growth and foreign direct investment: evidence from panel data analysis.Bulletin of Energy Economics (BEE),2(2), 14-27. Simpson, E. S. (2014).The developing world: an introduction. Routledge. Tanimura, T., Jaramillo, E., Weil, D., Raviglione, M., Lnnroth, K. (2014). Financial burden for tuberculosis patients in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review.European Respiratory Journal,43(6), 1763-1775. Tanner, M., Harpham, T. (2014).Urban health in developing countries: progress and prospects. Routledge. Teo, K., Lear, S., Islam, S., Mony, P., Dehghan, M., Li, W., ... Miskan, M. (2013). Prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among individuals with cardiovascular disease in high-, middle-and low-income countries: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.Jama,309(15), 1613-1621. Wang, Y., Ning, L., Li, J., Prevezer, M. (2016). Foreign direct investment spillovers and the geography of innovation in Chinese regions: The role of regional industrial specialization and diversity.Regional Studies,50(5), 805-822.

When Harry Met Sally Essays - Films, When Harry Met Sally...

When Harry Met Sally The film I chose to view for this Romantic Comedy paper was When Harry met Sally. I enjoyed this movie. The two main characters were Harry (Billy Crystal) and Sally Allbright (Meg Ryan). When first introduced to these characters, Sally is driving to New York, and Harry, who is the boyfriend of Sally's friend, is catching a ride with her. Sally is a very structured person. To quote Harry, she is a high maintenance women. Harry, on the other hand, has a more laid back attitude. This causes some tension between them on the long drive to New York. This fits well into the romantic comedy genre. In a romantic comedy there is usually tension between the two charcters in the beginning. Part of this pattern is for them to soften toward one another and by the end they fall in love. On the way to New York, Harry tells Sally some things about men she doesn't know and is reluctant to believe. One thing he tells her is men and women can't be friends because sex gets in the way. This only increases the tension between them. By the time they reach New York, Sally doesn't appear too happy with him. She seems angry with him, but anger is sometimes used to cover other feeling. This is also a classic feeling in the genre. A gap of several years passes before they see each other again. They see each other at the airport, but they both pretend not to know the other. The next time they meet is a couple of years after they saw each other at the airport. This time they become friends, despite Harrry's comment about men and women not being able to be friends.You would think Harry contradicted himself, but his statement is still pretty much true. They were friends, but the attraction was there. Neither of them wanted to admit it to the other because they were afraid the other didn't feel the same. This also fits the genre quite well. When they met this time, they both had come from long relationships that just ended. Harry and Sally spend the next year or so getting back into the dating scene. They spend a lot of time with one another, but do not get romantically involved. They have a great time together. They both miss the people they had there long relationships with. Harry decides to introduce Sally to one of his friends, and Sally does the same. They all go out on a double date. As luck would have it, there friends his it off with one another and leave Harry and Sally. There friends end up getting married. Sally's ex-boyfriend calls her and tells her he is getting married. Sally takes this pretty hard. She calls Harry and asks him to come over. While he is comforting her, they give in to the attraction they have had for one another and sleep together. Later they wonder about the wisdom in this decision. Sally tells Harry it was a mistake, and Harry agrees. Sally is then upset by this and gets mad.They drift apart for a while. They both miss one another. They finnally get back together and tell each other how much they missed them. They realized they were meant for each other. This is also common in the romantic comedy genre. What would it be without a happy ending. The seperation at the end before they get back together is also commonly used in films. This film fit the genre rather well. As I mentioned several times above, there were many points which made it a classic romantic comedy from start to finish. this was a very enjoyable film. Cinema and Television

Marketing essay Essays

Marketing essay Essays Marketing essay Essay Marketing essay Essay Describe the different roles in a business buying center. Then identify each member of the buying group in a medium-sized company that purchases components and assembles small household appliances? In a business buying center there are five different roles. The first role are the users. These are the people who will be use the good or product. They influence the buying decisions because ultimately they will be the ones using the product. The second role are the gatekeepers. These personnel are the ones that give product data. They control what information the members of the buying center will review. The third role are the influences. They are usually specialized staff that break down what the pros and cons are for a product. The fourth role are the deciders. These arent necessarily the ones that have the formal authority about what product is going to get bought. The last member is the buyer. This is the one that has the formal authority to buy a product. In a medium sized company that purchases components and assembles small household appliances the user would be the ones that are using the appliance. The gatekeeper would be the one in the business that provided the CEO or logistical with the different types of trials that they could use to build their small appliances. They would break down different suppliers data and cost of supplies on a data sheet. The influences would be the engineers because ultimately they are the ones designing the small appliances. They would give their expert opinion on what material would work best and why. The decider would be the CEO or someone appointed by him. The buyer would be a salesperson or logistical because they have the formal authority to buy for the company. Imagine that you are a marketer for one of the following companies: Amazon. Com, Apple Computer, Struck, Burger King, or a nationally agonized company of your choice. Decide whether your company will expand internationally into Mexico, India, or China. Write a brief report outlining and describing the issues your company must consider regarding each of the following environmental areas: economic, social-cultural, technological, and political-legal.? The company that I would associate myself with would be Struck. I would tread the waters of global expansion and would first expand with our neighbors to the south, Mexico. Some of the economic issues that I would run into would be the low income revenue that families in Mexico face. The infrastructure in Mexico is well developed in major cities but that is about it. Other cities have poor to non-existent infrastructure. The way I would mitigate these issues would be place my businesses in tourist cities (I. E. Puerco Valletta, Cancan, Quintal ROR, Monterrey, and Etc. And international airports. The social-culture difference that I would have to take into consideration are that many Mexicans only speak English. I would have to get bilingual workers that spoke both Spanish and English. I would also take into consideration the Marco-culture that they are currently living in. Many drug gangs are running the country and I would have to mitigate that so my workers would be safe. Technological issues would be minimal. Mexico is well off when it comes to internet technology. Almost every home in major cities now have Wi-If connection. My business would also be able to provide this service. They also have cell-phone service readily available in these major cities. I would have minimal political-legal issues. That is because of the North American Free Trade Agreement. I would be able to easily import different that I would need to successfully run my business. I think with the outline that I have set and the environment that I chose to go into the business would be a success. What are several pluses for businesses that use outsourcing techniques? What are several minuses? What can companies do to make the best of these widespread practices? Outsourcing is the practice of a business that uses and outside vendor to provide a business that was used to be provided by that business. The pluses to this practice are the business is able to concentrate all their resources to their main product. An example of this practice is outsourcing the IT department. A business no longer has the need to have an onsite IT department, because of technological advances many IT personnel can Just remote into a computer to see what the issues a user is having. It is also a way for a business to save money. Some minuses or cons to this practice is the fact that the company is entrusting a third party to have access to confidential material. Usually IT personnel sign paperwork saying they will not look at this information but if no one has oversight of them they can look at what they please. Another minus is sometimes outsourcing could lead to additional time lost before a system is restored. When you have an IT department in house an employee can walk over to the department and ask for assistance. Companies can first make sure that the business is a trusted and known business. One company that I would trust with my IT department would be Hewlett Packard, or HP, because they are a well-known and have been trusted with other businesses IT departments before. Businesses should also shop around to ensure they get the best rate possible. If that business is going to pay for outsourcing more than they would in house then that would not be practical.

Interesting Metal Facts and Properties

Interesting Metal Facts and Properties Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals, plus there are numerous alloys made from mixtures of metals. So, its a good idea to know what metals are and a few things about them. Here are several  interesting and useful facts about these important materials: The word metal  comes from the Greek word metallon, which means quarry or to mine or excavate.The most abundant metal in the universe is iron, followed by magnesium.The composition of the Earth is not entirely known, but the most abundant metal in the Earths crust is aluminum. However, the Earths core likely consists mainly of iron.Metals are primarily shiny, hard solids that are good conductors of heat and electricity.About 75% of the chemical elements are metals. Of the 118 known elements, 91 are metals. Many of the others possess some of the characteristics of metals and are known as semimetals or metalloids.Metals form positively charged ions called cations through loss of electrons. They react with most other elements, but especially nonmetals, such as oxygen and nitrogen.The most commonly used metals are iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead. Metals are used for an enormous number of products and purposes. They are valued for their ability to strength, electrical and thermal properties, ease of bending and drawing into wire, wide availability, and participation in chemical reactions. Although new metals are being produced and some metals were difficult to isolate in pure form, there were seven metals known to ancient man. These were gold, copper, silver, mercury, lead, tin, and iron.The tallest free-standing structures in the world are made of metals, primarily the alloy steel. They include the Dubai skyscraper Burj Kalifa, the Tokyo television tower Skytree, and the Shanghai Tower skyscraper.The only metal that is a liquid at ordinary room temperature and pressure is mercury. However, other metals melt close to room temperature. For example, you can melt the metal gallium in the palm of your hand,

Poem Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Poem Analysis - Essay Example ng the lines in Yeats’ â€Å"Second Coming† with Sassoon’s â€Å"Glory of Women†, I would say that one of their similarities would be how their poem described the dire conditions of the World War and how it seeps out the life and joy of people. An example of some intersections between the lines of the â€Å"Second Coming† and â€Å"Glory of Women† would be, â€Å"Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere. The ceremony of innocence is drowned† from The Second Coming; and â€Å"You crown our distant ardours while we fight, And mourn our laurelled memories when were killed. You cant believe that British troops retire. When hells last horror breaks them, and they run, Trampling the terrible corpses--blind with blood,† from â€Å"Glory of Women†, which both talks about the casualties of war (Glory of Women, n.d.). All three poems have a similar theme, expressing the occurrences during the World War. All three are interconnected in such a way that â€Å"Glory of Women† details the experiences of people during the World War; â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum† then foretells of the aftermath of the World War, where the living conditions are undesirable; while â€Å"The Second Coming† gives hope to an escape from the cruel world through the hope of the coming of a savior that will end all suffering and

Standardized Assessments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Standardized Assessments - Research Paper Example Standardized testing is a chief provision of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Standardized tests are often referred to as high stakes testing because the tests are utilized to gauge the proficiency of students against other students, teachers abilities are evaluated based on the outcomes of standardized tests, and schools are judged based on student’s scores from the tests. High stakes assessments are mandated by the NCLB and students complete these tests at different grade levels. High stakes testing is used to place students in selective course sections, rating schools against other schools, and influences merit pay for teachers. NCLB advocates believe that standardized testing is required to prepare students for the global economy, diminish inequalities in the school testing environment, and permit the execution of objective assessments. Introduction Standardized testing is a chief provision of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Standardized tests are often referred to as high stakes testing because the tests are utilized to gauge the proficiency of students against other students, teachers abilities are evaluated based on the outcomes of standardized tests, and schools are judged based on student’s scores from the tests. High stakes assessments are mandated by the NCLB and students complete these tests at different grade levels. Standardize tests lead to appraisal of educators, appraisal of pedagogies, curricula, and schools (Crump 54). Unfortunately the NCLB is worsening, not resolving, the difficulties that induce numerous students to be left behind. (Guisbond and Neill 12) High stakes testing is used to place students in selective course sections, rating schools against other schools, and influences merit pay for teachers. The merit pay aspect of testing has enticed instructors to form their content delivery based on the high stakes to prepare their students to surpass other students. The consequences of this mode of i nstruction are not beneficial to the students but it is advantageous for the teacher whose students do well on the test. If a student is less than proficient on the test then it reflects on the teachers instructional abilities. NCLB advocates believe that standardized testing is required to prepare students for the global economy, diminish inequalities in the school testing environment, and permit the execution of objective assessments. History of No Child Left Behind The NCLB is a component of educational modifications that emphasizes basic skills, prescribed assessments, and high-stakes testing (Crump 55). NCLB legislation requires that schools be held responsible for student development. High-stakes examinations and mandated testing has become the principal instrument for assessing student progression. The goal of the NCLB is to verify that students have a equitable chance to receive a high caliber education and attain proficiency on state academic achievement metrics and state a cademic testing (Crump 53). The NCLB legislation beginnings occurred when the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was created. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, that created Title I, was President Lyndon B. Johnson's efforts with the War on Poverty and Great Society programs and the goal was aimed to improve educational prospects for disadvantaged students (Crump 55). Federal financial support for education curricula decreased during President Ronald Reagan's presidency in the 1980s. The importance in education switched to tougher academic metrics, additional course obligations, an expanded school day, and modifications in the preparedness of teachers (Crump 56). Title I was modified in 1988 and necessitated states to confirm the academic accomplishment of disadvantaged students by standardized test scores (Crump 56). Elementary and Secondary Education Act funds were then allocated to schools and districts of disadvantaged students based on the student’

Connotative Power Essay Example for Free

Connotative Power Essay Self-Checked Activities Read the instructions for the following activities and type in your responses. Click the link to the Student Answer Sheet at the end of the lesson. Use the answers or sample responses to evaluate your own work. 1. Identifying Connotations a. Decide whether the bold word in each sentence is using a denotative or connotative meaning: †¢ Wendy hit the tennis ball. †¢ Phil bought a cheap car at the used car lot. †¢ They often serve a lot of strange foods at that restaurant. †¢ I told my younger brother that he shouldn’t be such a baby. †¢ Kevin studied most of the night for the SAT. Type your response here: | |Denotative or Connotative? | |hit |Connotative | |cheap |Denotative | |strange |Connotative | |baby |Denotative | |studied |Connotative | b. List the words from the previous activity that are denotative in meaning. For each word listed, rewrite the sentence that uses the word, replacing the denotative word with a connotative word (or phrase). The connotative meaning can be positive or negative. Type your response here: How did you do? Check a box below. Nailed It!—I included all of the same ideas as the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Halfway There—I included most of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Not Great—I did not include any of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. 2. Forms of Connotations a. For each sentence listed below, state whether the sentence has a negative, positive, or neutral connotation and then rewrite the sentence so it has a different connotation. Type your response here: |Original sentence |Connotation |Revised Sentence | |They gobbled desserts at Alison’s party. |Negative |They ate desserts at Alison’s party. | |We watched the eagle fly above the mountains |Neutral |We patrolled the eagle fly above the mountains to the west. | |to the west. | | | |Dan and Marsha have accepted twelve foster |Positive |Dan and Marsha have okayed  twelve foster children into their | |children into their house. | |house. | |Tom is studying for a job in the medical |Neutral |Tom is pondering for a job in the medical profession. | |profession. | | | b. In 1999, Elie Wiesel gave a speech called â€Å"The Perils of Indifference† in Washington, DC, to address his experiences as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp and his concerns about society’s indifference to the suffering that continues into the twenty-first century. Read the speech and find six examples of text (word or phrase) with a connotative meaning. Write these examples in the table, note whether the text has a negative or a positive connotation, and state the effect Wiesel was trying to achieve by using it. Type your response here: |Text from Speech |Connotation |Effect Wiesel Was Trying to Achieve | |Commander in Chief of the army that freed me |Positive |Show his respect to President Bill Clinton. | |and tens of thousands of others. | | | |â€Å"people who are indifferent have meaningless |Negative |People who don’t care, lives have no worth. | |lives† | | | |â€Å"In a way, to be indifferent to that suffering|Negative |People did not care about what they suffered through , so that | |is what makes the human being inhuman.† | |makes a person cruel. | |Humanity |Positive |Having all human rights. | |Indifferent |Negative |Not caring. | |Gratitude |Positive |Being thankful. | How did you do? Check a box below. Nailed It!—I included all of the same ideas as the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Halfway There—I included most of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Not Great—I did not include any of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. 3. Explaining Connotations a. Explain several examples of connotation in Langston Hughes’s poem â€Å"Will V-Day Be Me-Day Too?† Type your response here: There was positive connotation, where he talked about fighting for the United States. There was negative connotation, where he was talking about watching people die. There was neutral connotation, where he was talking about winning the world and them having theie own â€Å"V-Day.† b. How does Hughes use connotative language to compare the plight of African Americans to that of the Jews during World War II? Type your response here: How did you do? Check a box below. Nailed It!—I included all of the same ideas as the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Halfway There—I included most of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Not Great—I did not include any of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Teacher-Graded Activities Write a response for each of the following activities. Check the Evaluation section at the end of this document to make sure you have met the expected criteria for the assignment. When you have finished, submit your work to your teacher. 1. Denotation and Connotation in Literary Works a. Write down the titles and authors of three works you will examine for use of connotative and denotative language. Choose the three works from among the novels, short stories, poems, speeches, essays, and plays you read in class this year. Type your response here: b. Read or review each text, looking for examples of denotative and connotative language. In the chart, write two examples of denotative language and two examples of connotative language for each of the three works you selected. Then, for the examples of connotative language, describe the effect, or emotional response, the author was trying to achieve by this use of language. Type your response here: |Literary Work |Denotative Language |Connotative Language (with page #) and Effect Achieved | |(Title/Author/Genre) |(with page #) | | |Out-Out by Robert Frost | | | | | | | |Desert Places by Robert Frost |BENIGHTED; |NIGHT; A negative connotation; Darkness or visionless | | | |SNOW; Also a negative connotation; Cold | |The Snow Man by Wallace Stevens | |CRUSTED; | | | |GLITTER; | Evaluation Your teacher will use this rubric to evaluate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit. | |Concepts | |Distingui|The student has identified three literature titles and their authors. | |shed |The student has accurately identified two examples of denotative language and two examples of connotative language for each work of | |(4 |literature. | |points) |For each example, the student has accurately described the effect or emotional response achieved by the author. | |Proficien|The student has identified three literature titles and their authors. | |t (3 |The student has adequately identified two examples of denotative language and two examples of connotative language for each work of | |points) |literature. | | |For each example, the student has adequately described the effect or emotional response achieved by the author. | |Developin|The student has identified three or fewer literature titles and their authors. | |g (2 |The student has tried to identify some examples of denotative and connotative language for the works of literature. | |points) |For some examples, the student has tried to describe the effect or emotional response achieved by the author. | |Beginning|The student has not identified three literature titles and their authors. | |(1 point)|The student has not identified examples of denotative and connotative language for each work of literature. | | |For some examples, the student has failed to describe the effect or emotional response achieved by the author. |

Kanes Blasted Essay -- Theater Play Analysis

â€Å"I’ve only ever written to escape from hell-and it’s never worked-but at the other end of it when you sit there and watch something and think that’s the most perfect expression of the hell that I felt then maybe it was worth it. (Sarah Kane, Royal Holloway College, London, 3 November 1998).† (Saunders. 2002: 1). Both representative and reflected in this statement made by the British playwright Sarah Kane (1971-1999) (Sierz. 2001: 90-91) is the state of being human. In its literal sense the state of being human could be illustrated as an expression of existence. That of the individual and characteristics and traits experienced through the life of mortal man. (Oxford English Dictionary. 2006: 61 & 366). In addition to this, the associated meaning with the word ‘tested’ suggests ‘a difficult situation that reveals the strength or quality of someone or something.’ (Oxford English Dictionary. 2006: 785). When defined in t hese terms, this then opens up the question to how an expression of human-existence is revealed under pressure in Sarah Kane’s play Blasted (1995). The twentieth century British playwright Sarah Kane’s (1971-1999) first and sensational drama Blasted opened in the Royal Court Theatre Upstairs, London, in January 1995. (Saunders. 2002: 2). From the outset Kane’s play stirred much controversy within the media. The title itself had a great impact upon its audience, as blasted through its formed meaning and literal association is a term ‘expressing annoyance.’ (Oxford English Dictionary. 2006: 70). As stated by the British theatre critic Aleks Sierz, Kane’s Blasted is â€Å"a shocking play whose raw language and powerful images of rape, eye-gouging and cannibalism provoked critical outrage†¦Kane exploded theatri... ...tp://www.robertsilverstone.com/wp-content/articles/Art_of_Being_Human_Part1.pdf. [Accessed 21st April 2012] Stephens, S. (2010) Sarah Kane’s debut play Blasted returns. [On-line] Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2010/oct/24/sarah-kane-blasted. [Accessed 21st April 2012] The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, (2009) War. [On-line] Available from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/war. [Accessed 21st April 2012] The Guardian, (2005) ‘Suicide art? She’s better than that.’ [On-line] Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2005/oct/12/theatre. [Accessed 21st April 2012] Wixson, C. (2005) â€Å"In Better Places†: Space, Identity, and Alienation in Sarah Kane’s Blasted. [On-line] Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.falmouth.ac.uk/journals/comparative_drama/summary/v039/39.1.wixson.html. [Accessed 19th April 2012]

Extraction of Trimyristin

Trimyristin is an ester with the chemical formula C45H86O6 that can be isolated from the common spice nutmeg. The seed of the evergreen trees in the genus Myristica Fragrans is what nutmeg is obtained from. Trimyristin is the triglyceride of myristic acid also known as saturated fat (3). The phase of trimyristin is solid and is only found soluble in dichloromethane, chloroform, ether, benzene, and ethanol (1). Only twenty to twenty-five percent of trimyristin makes up the mass of nutmeg and it is formed from the glycerol and saturated carboxylic acid (2).Like most extractions, isolating trimyristin is complex considering a variety of products are extracted in the solvent. * Method: * Extraction of Trimyristin: First the sand bath was set to about 40o C. In the meantime 1. 00g of ground nutmeg was weighed out and transferred to a 25mL round bottom flask. Then 10 mL of methylene chloride and 2 boiling chips were added to the round bottom flask. The round bottom flask was then connected to an air condenser and lowered onto the sand bath.The solution was allowed to boil gently for 30 minutes until it was removed and set aside to cool. After it cooled the nutmeg residue was filtered from the methylene chloride using a Hirsch funnel containing a methylene chloride moistened filter paper. A minimal amount of methylene chloride was then used to wash any excess residue out of the round bottom flask and into the filter. The filtrate was then transferred into a clean, dry, and tarred Erlenmeyer flask.The Erlenmeyer flask was then placed on a hot plate set between 50oC to 100oC inside the fume hood until the solvent evaporated into a yellowish oily solid. The solid that remained was then weighed. * Recrystallization of Trimyristin: Acetone was added in 1mL portions to the Erlenmeyer flask that contained the solid. During the same time, the flask was warmed on a sand bath in order to dissolve the solid. Then it was allowed to slowly cool to room temperature and placed into an ice bath for 10 minutes.The crystals were collected by vacuum filtration and were allowed to dry. * Analysis: After the crystals were dry the solid was weighed and then the melting point was determined using a Melt-Temp machine. * Results: Lab Components| Mass (g)| Volume (mL)| Nutmeg| 1. 00g| –| Flask and Testube| 83. 47g| –| Flask, Testube, and Filtrate (initial)| 90. 54g| –| Filtrate (initial)| 7. 07g| –| Erlenmeyer Flask| 74. 14g| –| Erlenmeyer flask and Filtrate (final)| 74. 41g| –|Filtrate (final)| 0. 26g| –| Acetone| –| 1. 00mL| * These results show all the measurements that were taken from everything used in order to determine the analysis of the trimyristin extracted which is shown below. * Analysis: Weight of Trimyristin| 0. 1g| Melting Point of Trimyristin| 53. 2oC – 54. 3oC| % of Trimyristin extracted| 10%| * Conclusion: During this experiment methods of vacuum filtration and recrystallization were used to extract trimyristin from the spice nutmeg.When trimyristin was successfully extracted there was a low percentage (10%) of the amount extracted but it had a melting point that was almost exact to the actual melting point of trimyristin which is 53oC-54oC. The experiment was performed successfully for the most part, disregarding a few minor mistakes made in the procedure. These mistakes didn’t interfere with the outcome of the experiment but could have improved the performance of it. For instance, it took a long time for the solvent to evaporate because the hot plate was set at too low of a temperature.

Travelling Abroad Is a Waste of Money

TRAVELLING ABROAD IS A WASTE OF MONEY I strongly disagree that travelling abroad is a waste of money because we can learn history of civilizations, we can learn cultures of different peoples and we can witness the greatness of Allah. Firstly, in Surah Al- Ankabut: 20, Allah says : â€Å" Travel the earth then see how He makes the first creation, then Allah creates the latter creations†¦ † What this verse indicates is the disappearance of one nation to give place to another. For instance, the nation of the Pharaohs has been replaced by modern Egypt.Other nations which have disappeared include the people of Ad and Thamud in the Middle-East. Through travelling we can learn the history and witness the remains of these civilizations. Secondly, we can learn the cultures of different peoples around the world. In Surah Ruum: 22, Allah says : â€Å" And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your tongues and colours.. †. Hence, if we travel from China across to Europe, we will see peoples of different looks, colours, sizes, cultures, languages, and ways of living.They include Chinese, Japanese, Indians, Persians, Arabs, and Europeans. All look different from one another, speak different languages, and practise different cultures. Finally, in Surah Ibrahim : 32, Allah says : â€Å" Allah†¦ made ships subservient to you to run their course in the sea by His command ,and He has made the rivers subservient to you. † This verse tells us that Allah provides the facilities for mankind to travel( by sea or river ). In so doing one can appreciate the creations and greatness of Allah.For instance, sailing in the seas will give us the opportunity to see sharks, beautiful islands, and the huge waves. Sailing in the rivers will give us the opportunity to see the numerous floras and faunas, rapids, and waterfalls. Although travelling abroad does cost a lot of money, inconvenience and sometimes have to face some di fficulty, in my opinion, travelling abroad is not a waste of money because of the benefits we can get from it. [336 words]

Essay on Health Care Leadership Development Plan

Essay on Health Care Leadership Development Plan Essay on Health Care Leadership Development Plan Essay on Health Care Leadership Development PlanThe development of my leadership skills is essential in the health care setting because leadership plays an important part in the successful professional performance and career development in this field. In this regard, the elimination of weaknesses and enhancement of my strengths is apparently the main priority of my leadership development plan. At the same time, I am fully aware that, in the course of my professional and leadership development, I will change my goals and priorities respective to changes of my needs. At the moment, I would focus on my leadership development in three years timeline. In this regard, I would distinguish my major strengths and weaknesses, which I will try to enhance and eliminate respectively, including such strengths as communication skills, organizational skills, and flexibility of my leadership style, and such weaknesses as low charisma level, lack of experience of the team work, and difficulties in ove rcoming cultural barriers.Leadership development planFirst, I will focus on the development of my leadership skills and abilities through the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the field of leadership. In this regard, I would focus on the development of my organizational and team work skills in particular along with detailed study of leadership skills and abilities.Second, in 6-12 months, I will try to implement my theoretical developments in the real world environment. First implementations of my theoretical knowledge will help me to find out which areas need further improvements.Third, in 1-3 year period, I will focus on the further practical implementation of my leadership skills and leadership development focusing on team work, organizational skills, leadership skills, and other essential skills (Ross, Wenzel, Mitlyng, 2002).Six monthsThe improvement of communication skills will involve the broader communication and elaboration of new communication styles.The development of organizational skills will involve the elaboration of weekly and monthly plans that will schedule my workday for every day, week and month.The flexibility of my leadership style will be achieved through learning different leadership styles. In addition, I am going to try using different leadership styles in the course of my interaction with other people.The low charisma level is a serious challenge and this problem cannot be resolved in six month timeline. Nevertheless, I am going to learn cases of outstanding leaders and try following their models of behavior and key leadership strategies.The lack of experience of the team work is also quite challenging for me at the moment. In six month period, I am going to enhance my team work skills through learning theoretical developments in this field.As for difficulties in overcoming cultural barriers, I will focus on learning different cultural experience of different cultural groups. The better understanding of other cultures will help me to understand the diversity of the cultural environment and find possible ways to close cultural gaps in the six month period.Twelve monthsThe further development of my communication skills as a leader will involve the practical implementation of new communication styles, which I have learned previously during the six month period.The development of organizational skills will involve the development of a long-run plan of my professional development oriented on the creation on 1-5 year plan (Dye Garman, 2006).I will enhance the flexibility of my leadership style through the implementation of diverse leadership style that I have learned previously.The resolution of the problem of the low charisma level will involve the identification of my personal strengths as the leader and their further development and communication of those ideas to the target group, which I am going to lead.The lack of experience of the team work will be partially resolved through my active involvement in team work, during which I can implement on the ground of the information learned about my team work in the past.The elimination of difficulties in overcoming cultural barriers will involve my closer interaction with representatives of different cultural groups through which I can enrich my cultural experience and develop more tolerant communication style and relationships with representatives of other cultures.Three yearsThe development of my communication skills in three years will involve the identification of the most efficient communication style that matches my internal inclinations, my treats of character and my audience, including clients and colleagues.The further development of organizational skills will involve the practical implementation of my five year plan elaborated at the previous stage of my leadership development (McClelland, 1973).The flexibility of my leadership style involves the adaptation of the transformational leadership style as an efficient and flexible leaders hip style that allows me to adapt to my subordinates and lead them toward the achievement of the goals, which I, as a leader, set.The resolution of the problem of the low charisma level will be eliminated by the end of three year period by the elaboration of my unique leadership style based on transformational leadership which can help me to become a charismatic leader.The lack of experience of the team work will be eliminated because, during the three year period, I am going to learn to create my own teams. As I learn to create my own teams, I will lead them to the achievement of team goals. As a result, I will acquire essential experience of effective and successful team leadership.As for difficulties in overcoming cultural barriers, I am going to resolve this problem through creation of multicultural teams and leading them will contribute to the development of essential cultural skills and experience that can help me to acquire essential experience to lead multicultural teams and work in the culturally diverse environment.ConclusionThus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the development of effective leadership style will be complex and involve three key stages in my personal and professional development. First of all, the first six months will include the expansion of my theoretical knowledge in the field of leadership, including the team work, learning effective leadership styles and expansion of effective leadership style knowledge. Theoretical developments will help me to prepare the ground for the development of effective leadership style on the ground of my theoretical developments. On the other hand, the first year will be the implementation of my theoretical development will create the ground for the enhancement of the practical implementation of my theoretical knowledge in the field of leadership. After the first year, I will have a long-run leadership and professional development plan will h elp me to develop effective leadership styles that will contribute to the development of my leadership skills and abilities in a long-run perspective.

10 Ultra Useful Computer Tips and Keyboard Shortcuts

10 Ultra Useful Computer Tips and Keyboard Shortcuts Even if you haven’t spilled coffee on your trackpad, sometimes it can be a huge time-saver to use keyboard shortcuts. Remember those? Gone are the days of ALT + F4. Here are a few updated hacks for the modern world. 1. Set your Gmail accidental â€Å"Undo† functionSet yourself a 5-7 second â€Å"whoopsies† window for sent messages with this handy â€Å"undo† function- for those times when you realize you forgot an attachment or spelled your boss’s name wrong. Or worse- hit â€Å"reply all.† Just follow these instructions.2. Access your address barJust type control + L.3. Restore default size of a webpage after zooming in or out.Press control + 0 (command + 0 on a Mac).4. Squeeze more bookmarks into your browser’s bookmarks tabRight or control + click on each of your bookmarks, select â€Å"Edit,† and delete all text. You’ll be left with just the favicon and will have much more room for other icons.5.  Supercharge your w i-fi signalTurn your computer into your very own Wi-Fi hotspot by downloading Virtual Router. This one is a life safer if you hate getting charged a penalty fee for going over your data limit.6. Create a portable WikipediaUse Wikipedia Nearby to nab articles based on your location. Be in the know! And if you like being a font of knowledge, try changing your home page to Wikipedia Random and learn something new every time you open your browser.7. Pause a video in YoutubeClick â€Å"K.† And to jump forward or back by 10 seconds, use â€Å"J† and â€Å"L,† respectively. You can also use the buttons to speed up or decrease speed of playback on videos.8. Open your PowerPoint directly into Presentation ModeJust right click and select â€Å"Show† rather than â€Å"Open.† You’ll look a whole lot smoother in front of your boss and big clients.9. Drag multiple tabs to a new window(In Chrome) Press control and click on the tabs you want to move, then drag them together out of one window until they spontaneously generate and populate a new one. Poof!10. Scroll side to side(In Chrome) Press shift and scroll.These are just a few ways to save you time you didn’t even realize that you were wasting.

Evidence based paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence based paper - Essay Example This is an even greater challenge for new nurses who are not yet familiar with the physicians’ handwritings, making them more prone to mistakes. Computers should replace handwritten prescriptions. Doctor’s orders and prescriptions should be given through a computer so that they will be more understandable. This can reduce confusion and mistakes, making the delivery of healthcare faster and more efficient. It can also serve as a better way of keeping track of doctor’s orders since computers make it easier to compile data and save them to a hard drive as opposed to keeping the orders in a clipboard or a folder. Computers can be more beneficial than just reducing mistakes. There are many advantages to using computers in giving orders and prescriptions. Computer-inputted orders and prescriptions are clear and easy to understand; the files can be saved more securely than a physical copy; the files can be shared easily between departments. For example, when a doctor orders a new drug to a patient, once it is noted on the computer, the nurse can forward the new drug orders to the pharmacy so that they can provide the new drug immediately. Documentation becomes easier due to computers, freeing up more time for the nurses to take care of patients. This new speed and efficiency from being able to understand and manage prescriptions better translates into better patient care that can make a difference for the patient’s health and can prevent many accidents involving medication errors from happening. The downside to computers would be cost and reliability. The cost to place a computer and to maintain it in every area of the hospital is significant, and it would also need a powerful backup power supply in case power runs out, which could cripple the whole care process since the computers, with all the patients’ data, cannot be accessed. The ultimate goal of digitizing prescriptions is the

Formal report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Formal report - Assignment Example This study was limited to the evaluation of the effectiveness of Ace distributors’ salespeople. This study was also restricted to dealers operating in three major retail areas, including New York, Chicago, and Dallas. These dealers were selected randomly, and included those from the five leading brands of television in the country, including Todd Manufacturing Company; Apco, Incorporated: Davis Manufacturing Company; and Barr Industries, Incorporated, and Ace Manufacturing. This study may be limited through the insufficient time for doing the work. The scope of this study was wide; hence sufficient time was required for accurate completion of the study. In addition, the topic of study was wide; hence the aspect of subjectivity might have been introduced in the study, and some areas in the scope of the study might have been left out. Furthermore, this study adopted the use of questionnaires as the main data collection instrument in conducting the survey. Since questionnaires must generally be brief, areas that may have influenced effectiveness of distributors’ salespeople may not have been included in the questionnaire. The main goal of this report is to show the effectiveness of Ace distributors’ salespeople. It has become important for the company to launch investigations into the effectiveness of the salespeople, owing to the poor performance of the company in the last three years. Prior to these last three years, the company Ace Manufacturing ranked the top in all the five leading home television brands in the country. However, in the last three years, the performance of this company has dropped, as it currently ranks at position three. The sales activities of a company are key to its performance in the market. On the other hand, the salespeople involved with a company’s sales of products have a direct

The affect of in circle group on turnover intention in Saudi Arabia Research Proposal - 1

The affect of in circle group on turnover intention in Saudi Arabia Business - Research Proposal Example The private sector therefore needs to evolve effective mechanisms of reducing high turnover of Saudi nationals by exploiting the various perspectives of guanxi, the Chinese relationship-building phenomenon within the LMX approach. Globalization has significantly changed the dynamics of social structure and provided businesses with socio-cultural diversity that is indeed diverse in its application of ideas, ideologies and competencies across people coming from different race, culture, color and nationality. As such the role of HRM is crucial in creating a diverse workforce whose competencies are judiciously exploited for increasing organizational productivity (Gillham, Wood & Somerville, 2007). In the transforming societal norms, the managerial leadership has emerged as vital issue that significantly influences the employees’ turnover and performance. As such, investigating the role of leadership in predicting employees’ behavior and workplace commitment becomes an important issue for studying its impact on employees’ turnover (Gilly et al., 2009). The research would therefore investigate the impact of in-circle group on employees’ turnover using guanxi as independent variable in LM X approach within the industries/ business of the private sector in Saudi Arabia. In the current environment of highly volatile market conditions and rapid globalization, the organizational change is unavoidable and necessitates changes in the organizational structure, policies and operations (Kotter & Schlesinger, 2008; Hodgson, 2009). The workforce becomes critical ingredient in the organizational change processes as they are the key facilitators for implementing these changes for higher performance outcome (George & Jones, 2005). The on-going relationship between the managerial leadership and the workforce becomes the major stimulant of mutual exchange that encourages workers to adopt changes to meet new challenges (Lee, 2008). Consequently, the role

History of Chinese Traditional Clothing: Green Design

History of Chinese Traditional Clothing: Green Design China is a multi-ethnic country that had approximately 5000 years history. Clothing manufacture in China dates back to prehistoric times, at least 7,000 years ago. According to the findings of 18,000 year-old artifacts by the archaeologists. They found the bone sewing needles and stone beads and shells with holes bored in them attest to the existence of ornamentation and of sewing extremely early in Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, China has experienced many dynasties from first Xia Dynasty (BC 2100) to the last Qin dynasty (AD 1911), the generations of clothing designers created different style of garments. The meaning of garments from cover the human body into an important component of Chinese culture. The progress of nation can be seen through its changes in clothing styles. However, with the development of the social and economic, at the same time of pay more attention on the styles and effect of the garments, the fashion designers ignored the materials what they have used whether it is good or bad for our environment. That is Green design which was the popular points of view in recent years. The purpose of my research is to appeal more and more Chinese fashion designers begin to focus on the green design throughout the long history of Chinese traditional clothing. Part 1: The history of Chinese traditional clothing The symbol of colors during the Chinese history During the approximately 5000 years of Chinese history, color had it own particular meanings. Stringent rules are made for the color of ancient dress and adornment. Yellow is the most valuable color as a symbol of center. It is reserved for royalty and emperor. Although each dynasty designates their own color in each official rank, clothing and objects that are yellow in color still resemble a higher social status. Yellow also is the main color of Buddhism, thus it represents being free from worldly cares. Red is used for happiness and joy such as births, weddings holidays and so on. In fact, after the Ming Dynasty, only the Emperors close relatives could have homes with red walls and yellow roof tiles. Peasants could only live in homes made with blue bricks and roof tiles. White is a symbol of the unknown and purity. It is white is the color of mourning, death, and ghosts. Therefore Chinese people will wear white during a funeral or while summoning ghosts. Whats more, green, red, wh ite and black symbolize the East, the South, the West and the North respectively. These four colors also associate with four specific seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In general, Green, red, black, white and yellow are pure colors applied by the emperors and officials. The common people could only apply the secondary colors. Darker colors were favored over lighter ones in traditional Chinese clothing, so the main color of ceremonial clothing tended to be dark while bright, elaborate tapestry designs accented. The common people for everyday and around the house use wore lighter colored clothing more frequently. (Amaranthine, 2007) Clothing styles and the usage of fabrics in different dynasty According to the Chinese long history, each dynasty in China had its own memorable culture and style of garments. The costumes of ancient China were emblems of Chinese tradition, as well as an essential element in the history and culture of each dynasty. Costume maintained an important role in Chinese culture for more than three thousand years. The culture of China is ancient and well established, brilliant and resplendent. The costumes are likewise magnificent and colorful. There were many dynasties throughout Chinas history, each having its own unique style of garments. And each style would change or disappear as its dynasty changed, declined, or was replaced. With the advent of each new dynasty and the progression of time, costumes were revolutionized. The style was classical and conservative in the Qin and Han dynasties, luxurious and glamorous in the Tang dynasty, delicate and exquisite in the Song dynasty, graceful and magnificent in the Ming dynasty, and very intricate in the Qing dynasty. Chinas complete code of costume and trappings was established in the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD). (Shenyi in Han Dynasty) The yarn-dyeing, embroidering and metal-processing technologies developed rapidly in the period. Han dynasty also was the first time in history that China had contact with the West through the Silk Road. Shenyi or deep garments was most famous in Han dynasty. The shenyi is made up of the upper and lower garment, tailored and made in a unique way. It has to be long enough not to expose the skin, but short enough not to drag on the floor. The forepart is elongated into a large triangle; with the part above the waist in straight cut and tile part below the waist bias cut, for ease of movement. The frock and skirt were sewn together in the Shenyi system. People worn in black would like to match purple silk adornments. It implied that silk started to be used in the garments. The unified and prosperous China was established in the Tang Dynasty (AD618-AD907). In Chinas history, the Tang Dynasty was a period when the polity and economy were highly developed and the culture and art were thriving. In general, the Tang womens dresses can be classified into three categories: the hufu, or alien dress that came from the Silk Road, the traditional ruqun or double layered or padded short jacket that was typical of central China, as well as the full set of male garments that broke the tradition of the Confucian formalities. The Tang women inherited this traditional style and developed it further, opening up the collar as far as exposing the cleavage between the breasts. This was unheard of and unimaginable in the previous dynasties. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty (AD1644-AD1911), long gowns featured collarless, narrow cuff in the shape of a horses hoof, buttons down the left front, four slits and a fitting waist. Wearers usually coiled up their cuff, and put it down when hunting or battling to cover the back of hand. In winter, the cuff could serve to prevent cold. The gown had four slits, with one on the left, right, front and back, which reached the knees. It was fitted to the body and rather warm. Fastened with a waistband, the long gown could hold solid food and utensils when people went out hunting. Mens long gowns were mostly blue, gray or green; and womens, white. Another feature of Manchu cheongsam was that people generally wore it plus a waistcoat that was either with buttons down the front, a twisted front, or a front in the shape of lute, etc. When the early Manchu rulers came to China proper, the capital was moved to Beijing and cheongsam began to spread in the Central Plains. The Qing Dynasty unified China, and unified the nationwide costume as well. At that time, men wore a long gown and a mandarin jacket over the gown, while women wore cheongsam. Although the 1911 Revolution toppled the rule of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with succeeding improvements, has become the traditional dress for Chinese women. After the 1940s, influenced by new fashion home and abroad, Manchu mens cheongsam was phased out, while womens cheongsam became narrow-sleeved and fitted to the waist and had a relatively loose hip part, and its lower hem reached the ankles. Then there emerge various forms of cheongsams we see today that emphasize color decoration and set off the beauty of the female shape. Why cheongsam was more popular at that period of time? The main reason is that it fits well the fe males body, although it only shows the simple lines, it looks elegant and well fitted. The cheongsam can either be long or short, unlined or interlined, woolen or made of silk floss. Besides, with different materials, the cheongsam presents different styles. Cheongsams made of silk with patterns of floweret, plain lattices or thin lines demonstrate charm of femininity and staidness; those made of brocade are eye-catching and magnificent. The earliest known silk textiles excavated in China dated to about 3630 BCE. Fabrics made of silk consist of many types: Brocade, satin, silk fabric, etc. This variety of fabric is due to different kinds of weaving skill and silk fabrics. Some are lined, some are unbleached, some are heavy, and some are thin. Silk- knit goods is one of great Chinese products in the world. The weaving skills emerged in the primitive society. They can demonstrate the culture tradition of one nation. Except the different kinds of silk, cotton, flax, voile, jute and satin were commonly used in the garments as well. 5,000+ BC FLAX: Generally considered to be the oldest natural textile fiber. 3,000+ BC COTTON: Earliest use estimated between 3,000 BC to 5,000 BC. Worn by Egyptians earlier than 2,500 BC. Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized  the processing of cotton. The development of the power loom in 1884 brought significant  improvements and variations to cotton fabrics. Major producers: United States, Soviet States, Chinaand India. Lessor producers include Pakistan, Brazil, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico  Iran and Sudan. 3,000 BC WOOL: Used by people of the Late Stone Age, There are 40 different breeds of sheep, which produce  approximately 200 types of wool of varying grades. Major producers include: Australia, New Zealand, Soviet States, China, South Africa, and Argentina. 2,600 BC SILK: Believed discovered by a Chinese princess. Silk is made from two continuous filaments cemented together  and used to form the cocoon of the silkworm. Silk culture began about 1725 BC, sponsored by the wife of Chinas  emperor. Secrets of cultivation and fabric manufacturing were closely guarded  by the Chinese for about 3,000 years. There is a story that two monks smuggled seeds of the mulberry  tree and silkworm eggs out of China by hiding them in their walking  sticks. India learned of silk culture when a Chinese princess married an  Indian prince. Part 2: Green Design What is green design? Green design, also known as eco-design, uses design to include economic, social and ecological sustainability. Green design can be used for the microcosm and macrocosm in the scheme of daily living. Green design uses renewable resources. It reminds people about recycling to save the environment. Green design is sustainable design as materials that can be recycled sustain it. It is beneficial to recycle material as it reduces the wastage of new resources. Green design can be also explained as design for the environment. Protecting our environment, and its present and future inhabitants, is the essential and important goal of sustainability. This large and complex field looks at our marketplace, at the way we grow, make and consume products, and strives to incorporate an awareness of the impact of our choices at every stage of the process. There is no one right way to be environmentally responsible, but there are a growing number of intelligent choices and best practices. The concept of sustainability combines concern for the well being of our planet with the needs of continued human development. The World Commission on Environment and Development defines it as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. When the design process is informed by this imperative, the central concern is to assess the consequences, both short and long-term, of any transformation of the environment. Design must also aim to eliminate waste, to use renewable energy, to reduce toxic emissions and to leave as light a footprint on the environment as possible. What is green fabrics? These fabrics, without any additional backings or chemical finishes, utilize post-consumer and post-industrial recycled polyester, and are themselves recyclable. The American mills that weave these designs have programs to minimize and recycle selvage waste and shipping materials, assess dye protocols and reduce energy use. The materials are typically harvested within a 10-year or shorter cycle. These natural fibers include cotton, sisal, flax, ramie, hemp, jute, wool, silk, mohair and bamboo. The Market of Green design in China There are a large amount of wasted materials can be recycled in the textile industry. China is a big textile country. The production of cotton gauze is ranking first in the world so as to the textile wastes resources are also very rich in the process of production. The consumption of textile fabric is about 5 million tons per year. With the continually increase of textile consumption; the textile wastes are also keep growing. On the other hands, China has a huge population. The textile recourses are inadequate, it cannot satisfy the needs of textile industry production. Strengthen the textile waste recycling, waste to treasure, it is not only has a huge effect on making up for the shortage of textile raw materials, but also a new industrial projects for low cost, high benefits and adequate recourses. Thus the recycle textile fabrics have a broad prospects development in the Chinese market. It is estimated that more than 1 million tones of textiles are thrown away every year, with most of this coming from household sources. Textiles make up about 3% by weight of a household bin. At least 50% of the textiles we throw away are recyclable. (Analysis of household waste composition and factors driving waste increases Dr. J. Parfitt, WRAP, December 2002) Although the majority of textile waste originates from household sources, waste textiles also arise during yarn and fabric manufacture, garment-making processes and from the retail industry. These are termed post-industrial waste, as opposed to the post-consumer waste, which goes to jumble sales and charity shops. Together they provide a vast potential for recovery and recycling. Recovery and recycling provide both environmental and economic benefits. Textile recovery: Reduces the need for landfill space. Textiles present particular problems in landfill as synthetic (man-made fibres) products will not decompose, while woollen garments do decompose and produce methane that contributes to global warming. Reduces pressure on virgin resources. Aids the balance of payments as we import fewer materials for our needs. Results in less pollution and energy savings, as fibers do not have to be transported from abroad. At present the consumer has the option of putting textiles in clothes banks, taking them to charity shops or having them picked up for a jumble sale. Recycled, a scheme run by the Textile Recycling Association in conjunction with local authorities and charities provides textile banks for public use. The Salvation Army, Scope, and Oxfam also use a bank scheme in conjunction with other methods. Scope, for example, runs a national door-to-door textile collection service. There are about 3,000 textile banks nationwide, but clothes banks are only operating at about 25% capacity. The Salvation Army is the largest operator of textile banks in the UK, with over 2,000 banks nationwide. On average, each of these banks is estimated to collect about six tones of textiles per year. Combined with door-to-door collections, The Salvation Armys textile recycling operations account for the processing of in excess of 17,000 tones of clothing a year. Clothes are given to the homeless, sold in charity sh ops or sold in developing countries in Africa, the Indian sub-continent and parts of Eastern Europe.Nearly 70% of items put into clothing banks are reused as clothes, and any un-wearable items are sold to merchants to be recycled and used as factory wiping cloths. Thus for the Chinese market, we also can set more clothes banks in order to recycle more clothes. It is fortune that there is a lot of Chinese fashion designers begin to focus on the green design. For example, the Chinese fashion designer Yichao Zhang, he won the Creative award in 2009. He uses kong and Yu as his inspiration to show the new collection in the 2010 Chinese international fashion week-Autumn/Winter. He said, the meaning of Chinese word kong in English is sky, natural, and the space that human beings belong to. Yu means the space that human beings live to. He want to express that natural is the best living space for the human beings, thus people needs to love our natural and environment. All the garments were be made by the natural fabric, it reflect the green design obviously. What have I plan to do in the next step? Make more research about the fabric about Chinese traditional clothing, the news and report about green design in china and green fabrics. Make a questionnaire to survey the target customers, to get some information about what their opinion and their understanding of the green design. Make an interview to a Chinese fashion designer or some factories that prefers green design or product green fabrics. Make some market analysis about how popular will green design have in china. Questionnaire I am the student from Northumbria University in Newcastle. Can you help me to finish some questions about the Green Design as follow? Gender_____ Occupation_____ Age_____ 1. Have you heard about the Green Design? ___Yes ___No 2. When you buy a piece of garments, will you concern about the fabrics whether it was made in natural fabrics? ___Always ___Sometimes ___Never 3. Do you know the difference between natural fabrics and man-made fabrics? ___ Yes, I know ___Yes, I know a little bit ___No, I dont know 4. What will you do to deal with your old clothing? ___Throw away ___Recycle the clothing to the related department ___Keep it 5. Do you agree to advocate the fashion designers to use natural fabrics for making the garments? ___Yes I agree. ___Its up to the fashion designers, I never mind. ___I prefer the designers to use man-made fabrics. References CHUEN-FANG, L. (1991). Chinese decorative design. Taiwan, Republic of China, SMC Pub. Là ¼, H., Ma, C. (1980). Traditional Chinese textile designs in full color. Dover pictorial archive series. New York: Dover Publications. POOLE, B. (2006). Green design. New York, N.Y., Mark Batty Publisher. YANG, S. (2004). Traditional Chinese clothing: costumes, adornments culture. San Francisco, Long River Press. Chinese Clothing Five Thousand Years History http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/yanglu/ECC_CULTURE_CLOTHING.HTM (no date) (Accessed at 21 April 2010) DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT. http://www.pollackassociates.com/fabrics/info/green-design.cfm (no date) (Accessed at 21 April 2010) Medical Issue of Negligence | Case Study Medical Issue of Negligence | Case Study Muhammad Younas Introduction Healthcare professionals often confront situations of ambiguity and uncertainty regarding patient’s treatment. Ethical issues arise when there is violation of ethical principles by the health care providers, more specifically when the patient and family leave the decision on physicians considering them dominant and body of knowledge. These issues also arise when physician takes decision based some personal interest and which is partially or not at all in favor of patient. In this paper I am going to comment on the malpractice which is defined as the form of negligence where by any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of professional skills or the care provided not meet the standards and causes harm to the patient (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008). Scenario A 25 years old male patient diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage after road traffic accident was kept on ventilator in intensive care unit (ICU). Patient attendants were relying for any decision on health professionals. The family was well established and was able to pay any cost to save their patient. Patient was progressing towards brain death and attendants were not informed about the situation. Patient remained on ventilator for the next seven days and then declared dead. Nurses failed to intervene as they were afraid of job insecurity. The doctor misused his authority and forced nurses to just follow the orders. The doctor was aware about patient’s condition, but kept the patient on vent to generate revenue. Ethical issue In this scenario the doctor was aware about the subarachnoid hemorrhage and its poor prognosis as it was a traumatic brain injury leading towards brain death. Bullock et al. (2006) have classified subarachnoid hemorrhage as severe traumatic brain injury with twofold mortality rate and very poor prognosis. Despite the poor prognosis and no chances of survival of the patient the doctor kept the patient on ventilator because of his own, as well as institutional interest. The doctor kept the family unaware of this information and took decision based on his own interest as the family was well-off and was totally relying on the doctor for any action to be taken. Moreover, dignity of a human being was violated by keeping on prolong mechanical ventilation with brain death. Furthermore, the ICU bed and the ventilator could have been used for another critically ill patient as this was a case of brain death. Analysis of the ethical issue: Baskett, Steen and Bossaert (2005) have mentioned that the four ethical principles that are Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice are crucial in making decision at the end of life care. In this particular scenario the four ethical principles have been violated as consequences of the malpractice that is keeping the family unaware of the patient situation and prognosis. The term autonomy literally means â€Å"self-governance† (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008, p. 54). As the patient was on ventilator, in this case the surrogate decision maker will be one of the family members. It is the doctor’s obligation to inform the family about the prognosis and chances of survival and also explain them the code options and then let them autonomously decide on behalf of the patient. By not informing the family and not involving them actively in the decision about code status of the patient, the healthcare provider violated the family autonomy and misused paternalistic approach. The principle of beneficence refers to an act for the benefit of others (Beauchamp Childress, 2001). In particular to this scenario the specific beneficence has been violated as keeping the patient on ventilator with brain death is of no use for patient but only a false hope for family and financial burden. The element of veracity has been violated by not telling truth to the fa mily about the patient’s condition and prognosis. One of the consequences of the malpractice by the doctor is violation of justice. The doctor was not fair in proper allocation of resources the ventilator and ICU bed could have been used for another critically ill patient which were occupied by this patient with brain death. Ethical issue of interest and my position Then main issues in this scenario are the decision taken by the physician based on his own interest and then keeping the family unaware of the whole situation and consequently the general ethical principles have violated through malpractice. My stance in this situation is that Parents are legitimate decision makers and must be involve in making decision on behalf of their children. Arguments Autonomy of the legitimate decision makers has been violated. Emanuel and Emanuel (1992) suggested a four models approach based namely, (i) paternalistic model, (ii) the informative model, (iii) the interpretive model and, (iv) the deliberative model. Firstly, paternalistic model, the physician has adopted paternalistic approach but did not make sure that whether the interventions best promote health and wellbeing. Secondly, in the objective of the informative model, the physician did not provide legitimate decision makers with all the relevant information about the disease prognosis, the risk and benefits of the available interventions, but just decided on his own. Thirdly, in the interpretive model the physician did not elucidate the parent’s values about selection of the available interventions which realizes their values. Lastly, the deliberative model, the physician did not assist the parents to choose and decide for the patient the best health related values. All of the four models are focused on patient autonomy and stressed that autonomy of the patient should be taken care in any circumstances. Malpractice by the physician reflects that he did not show adherence to his oath and accountability in taking decision for patient. It is the duty of the physician to bear in mind the preserving of human life and should owe his complete loyalty and resources of his knowledge for the patient (Pakistan medical and dental council, 2006). Furthermore, there was misuse of paternalistic approach by the doctor. Burkhardt and Nathaniel (2008) suggests that though based on beneficence, decisions taken are centered to patient wellbeing, however, the inherent supremacy in such a hierarchical arrangement may be abused and the decision taken may reflect the self-interest of the healthcare professional more than care for the patient (p. 270). In addition there was violation of social justice by the physician in the allocation of resources and budget for other deserving candidates. After the brain death the physician new that further treatment is futile and of no benefit for the patient yet he ordered to continue the treatment. The ICU bed and ventilator could have been used for other deserving candidates. If a patient is dead and still on ventilator in this case the cessation of treatment will not provide harm (Beauchamp Childress, 2001). It clearly indicates that the doctor kept the patient after brain death longer for own and hospital interest. Ethics of care In the light of ethics of care being a nurse the nurse personally feels that that the patient was on ventilator and was in a vulnerable state and though he failed to intervene but what possible he could have done? The theory of ethics defined by Tronto (1993) as cited in Lachman (2012), there is a pre-existing moral relationship between people and he further stated that there are four phases in patient care that are (i) caring about, (ii) taking care of, (iii) care giving and (iv) care receiving. In â€Å"caring about† phase the nurse noticed that the physician violated the legitimate decision makers’ autonomy by not involving them in decision making. In the phase â€Å"taking care of† he realized that he could have taken the responsibility and empathize what the parents were experiencing. Therefore in the â€Å"care giving† phase he could have advocate for the patient and family that they must know about the patient’s prognosis and thus take their own decision. Finally in the â€Å"care receiving† phase then he could have got the success of the interventions done in the previous three phases. Counter arguments Though the survival rate was low but there was still hope and the physician just wanted to give chance to this young blood and was hopeful that there might be a small chance. Occasionally miraculous recoveries from comas are reported widely (Swinburn, Ali, Banerjee and Khan, 1999). As the family was very anxious and the patient’s father was a cardiac patient, in this situation the doctor did not want to inform the family promptly. (Literature support with statistics) (We should not give up). The family gave the rights to the physician to decide for the patient, so he claims that he was just doing for the benefit of the patient. Moreover, the doctor did not misinform the family but just kept them unaware of the situation because he thought that telling the truth may increase their anxiety level. The physician may support him through Mill’s autonomy which talks about the obligation to persuade others when they have false or views (Beauchamp Childress, 2001). Justification of my Position Even if the doctor was right in his position he still should have not taken the decision by himself. The decision to withhold or with draw is made by the physician in consultation with family members (Burkhardt ansd Nathaniel, 2008). Moreover, burden of the treatment outweigh the benefits. The reasons for continuing the futile treatment are primarily based on physician emotions, guilt, concerns about family and fear of legal consequences (Jox, Schaider, Marckmann Borasio, 2012). How the scenario could have changed The family should have informed about the patient situation, prognosis, possible interventions along with risk benefit ratio. Thus the physician would have remained loyal to his oath and obligation by not providing false assurance to the family, and also the family was to suppose face the grief anyway. After the brain death the patient should have weaned off form ventilator and by announcement of death the dead body should have processed with dignity. Thus there would have less financial burden on the family and also justice have maintained by providing chance to other critically ill patients. Recommendations There should be a clear policy at institutional level regarding patients with brain death. Moreover, health care provider should show adherence to the implementation of such policy. The nurse as an advocator should advocate on patient’s behalf and also involve hospital ethical committee. It should be responsibility of the hospital ethics committee to investigate such cases and consider further necessary action accordingly. Patient and family education is an utmost duty of healthcare professionals, specifically physician should involve family in the decision making process. Conclusion Being health care professionals we face ethical issues in patient care and treatment more often, when we are dealing with critically ill patients when they are at their most vulnerable. The situation of uncertainty and ambiguity is always there, but health care professional should be more accountable and sensible and should take decisions that are ethically and legally sound and should meet the patient and family values. References Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics. (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Burkhardt, M. Nathaniel, A. (2008). Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing (3rd ed.) Australia: Delmar. Bullock, M. R., Chesnut, R., Ghajar, J., Gordon, D., Hartl, R., Newell, D. W., Wilberger, J. (2006). Surgical management of traumatic parenchymal lesions. Neurosurgery, 58(3), S2-7-S2-62. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000210363.91172.A8 Emanuel, E. J., Emanuel, L. L. (1992). Four models of the physician-patient relationship. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(16), 2221-2226. Jox, R. J., Schaider, A., Marckmann, G., Borasio, G. D. (2012). Medical futility at the end of life: the perspectives of intensive care and palliative care clinicians. Journal of medical ethics, 38(9), 540-545. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2011-100479 Lachman, V. D. (2012). Applying the ethics of care to your nursing practice. MedSurg Nursing, 21(2), 112-116. Swinburn, J. M., Ali, S. M., Banerjee, D. J., Khan, Z. P., Cranford, R. E., Jennett, B. (1999). Discontinuation of ventilation after brain stem death. British Medical Journal, 318, 1753- 55. How Effective is Policy in Reducing Child Poverty? How Effective is Policy in Reducing Child Poverty? How effective is policy in reducing child poverty Despite the United Kingdom being one of the worlds richest nations, it has one of the highest rates of child poverty. Research has shown, children living in poverty are less likely to achieve at school and by the age of fourteen many poor children are two years behind their peers (Fisher, 2008). This would suggest, children living in poverty are more likely to leave school with fewer qualifications, unable to realise their full potential, therefore, are less likely to contribute fully to society. Since 1997, New Labour policy has intended to improve services to children and families as part of a wider strategy to tackle social exclusion and poverty in the UK (Blair. 2005). In 1999 the labour party set out to end child poverty in a generation. I will set out our historic aim, that ours is the first generation to end child poverty forever, and it will take a generation. It is a 20-year mission but I believe it can be done. Blair (1999, in Ridge, 2004) Blairs historic pledge to end child poverty moved the issue from the side-line to the centre of the policy agenda (Ridge, 2004). In ending child poverty, the DCSF has outlined four areas which it believes are key to achieving the goal. Getting more parents into work, providing financial support that matches family requirements, improving childrens life chances and creating safe cohesive communities in which children can thrive (Defries, 2009). The intention to end child poverty by 2020 has introduced various forms of incentives to single parents encouraging them back to work (Blair. 1999). The Government has introduced a guaranteed minimum income for families with children who are in full time employment and child care grants for parents wishing to return to work. In addition, the Government has also extended maternity leave to fifty two weeks in the hope of enticing mothers to work rather than claim benefits (Work Families Act. 2006). Government policies on tackling childhood pover ty will be examined further in this essay. This literature review will explore current opinion on the role Government policy and legislation plays in effectively reducing child poverty. Through Government documents, websites and peer reviewed academic journals; I aim to establish if literature supports the effectiveness of policy in reducing child poverty. This essay will give a brief history of various policies introduced to support children and their families and examine the driving force behind them. It will also look at alternatives to end child poverty and reduce dependency on Welfare state. In order to appreciate the term ‘poverty it is important to give a succinct description of what poverty is and how it is classed; Poverty has many manifestations, including lack of income and productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Hunger, malnutrition, ill health and basic education has also been a consistent theme among children in poverty (Alcock, 2006). The Governments classification of poverty in the UK is based on income and resources. If these are so inadequate as to preclude you from having a standard of living which is regarded as acceptable by the Government, then you are said to be in poverty (Cullen, 2007). Currently the Government class all families with an income of less than 60% of the British median to be in poverty (Gentleman, 2009). This is slightly different than the calculations used in research completed by UNICEF, where homes with equivalent income below 50% of the nations median are said to be in poverty (UNICEF, 2009). Although there appe ars to be no one clear measure, the Governments definition underpins their strategic response to tackling child poverty. Therefore, for the purpose of this review, child poverty will be measured through family income. Poverty exists within a dynamic and changing social order and is, to some extent, created and recreated buy the social and economic policies that have been developed over time. The history of policies of child poverty can be dated back as far as the first Poor Law. Prior to the Poor Law, assistance with, and relief from poverty was provided by the church, relatives or the parish. Policy and poverty has consistently shaped the position of children who are poor within all aspects of the boarder social structure. To develop an understanding of child poverty it is necessary to have an insight of how child poverty has been represented over time. Historically, the voices of children living in poverty have rarely been heard. Laslett (1971) points out, that despite there being a large number of children in the pre-industrial world; they are missing from written record (Laslett, 1971. P110). Cunningham (1991) reiterates this by stating, â€Å"Early representations of child poverty have come from neither child nor the poor†. (Cunningham, 1991) Therefore, our understanding of the history of child poverty has been filtered through an adults perspective based on family circumstances. As a result, any historical account of children living in poverty needs to be embedded in a wider account of the social, economic and political developments over time (Ridge, 2004). With this in mind, this review will give a brief overview of the key factors of legislation. The first Poor Law was introduced to aid assistance to those who needed it. The first Poor Law legislation of 1388 in England was made in response to a particular social situation following a high death rate from the Black Death plague epidemic. During the 19th century children whose parents were impoverished came under the jurisdiction of the 1934 Poor Law. Two main systems of relief existed within this law; the workhouse and outdoor relief. The Poor Law commission assumed children should be treated the same as their parents. Consequently, children of the ‘able bodied poor were expected to follow their parents into the workhouses (Fletcher, 2005). This would have made it almost impossible for children living in poverty to break the cycle as once they were old enough to work they took their positions within the work house. Outdoor relief was typically given to able-bodied paupers in the form of clothing, food or even money. However, work was expected in return (Walker, 2008). The underlying notion of the Poor Act was to foster independence and self reliance, therefore reinforcing the inherent values of work. It could be argued that these values are still current today. This will be explored further in the essay. Due to the high mortality rates of single mothers who died in child birth, about 20% of the children in the workhouses were parentless (Fletcher, 2005). Whilst provision was made for the parentless children of the work house, no provision was made for the parentless beggar children from the street. The street children were very much left to provide for themselves. Many of the children turned to crime, this was portrayed in the film Oliver Twist which was written in the late 1830s (Ref). This again, would have made it extremely difficult for poor children to break the cycle of poverty and highlights the ineptness of the Poor Law. The Royal Commission on the Poor Laws, in the early part of the twentieth century, reflected on its ineffectiveness in the majority and minority reports (1909) (Glennerster et al, 2004) It was believed some of the poor were beyond relief and of those on relief, it was felt they should not continue to do as they please. That is, they should not choose not to work if they were able to (Ref). This is a clear parallel of debates regarding todays society and welfare reform, where the government are actively encouraging able bodied parents to work to reduce dependency on the welfare state (Ref). The minority report saw the causes of poverty as largely the result of basic structural factors in the economy and argued provision for the poor should become part of a range of services for the whole community. This proved a strong thread in the debate of the Poor Law and became the centrepiece of a campaign to abolish it (Glennerster et al, 2004). After the Second World War it became clear there needed a big idea to put an end to poverty. The social security reforms of the 1940s, based on the recommendations of the Beveridge Report (1942) aimed to give everyone economic security from the ‘cradle to the grave through the provision of benefit support (Alcock, 2006). The introduction to family allowances in 1946 undoubtedly improved services to children and was an effective tool in reducing the problem of child poverty (BBC Radio). This was just one of a number of initiatives used to raise the standards of living for children in poverty. Although, Family Allowances were initially only paid to families with more than one child, this was later converted into Child Benefit and paid for all children and all families regardless of income (ref). This was to encourage low income families to work as they would still get some kind of benefit for their children regardless of income. However, due to the changes in family structure a high number of family break downs occurred, consequently the numbers of one-parent families grew. This made it very difficult for single parents as many were largely unable to work due to their child care responsibilities so many children remained poor. It could be argued that single parents fell through Beverages safety net as his reforms had only been intended to work as a family unit. This is a clear indication of the changes in family structure in a post modern Britain. It is widely recognised that family breakdowns are costly to the state with a high number of lone-parents claiming benefits. In 1905 a times editorial warned of relying too much on the state. He declared, parents had already been relieved of the duty of educating their children and now this was being used as an argument of relieving them from their duty of clothing them. He voiced his concern that children, in adulthood, may fail to take a productive role in society and instead rely heavily on the government when they in turn become parents. We have already made a serious inroad upon personal responsibility and a personal independence by relieving parents of their duty to educate their children. When we have done that, the argument will be stronger than ever for relieving them of the duty of clothing their children. But what are we to expect of our children when they in turn become parents. Their habit of looking to the state for their maintenance would be ingrained in them. However, without the state intervention there would undoubtedly have been no end to the squalor and disease with the century began. (Ref) It could therefore be argued that social policy has been effective in increasing living standards for children. Today many people believe they have gone too far and created a ‘nanny state. Can future governments do any better than those of the past? If not what will be the consequence of our children? needed a big idea to through national insurance. There was widespread support for the Beveridge plan and the post-war labour government pledged to make it a reality and the welfare state was born. This led to improved services for all, including education and a free national health service. This was largely welcomed by the nation. As the nation gradually became wealthier it was believed child poverty was becoming a thing of the past. By the 1990s however, it became clear that this was not the case. In the UK in 1991 the Child Support Act introduced major changes in the way the state intervenes in the financial support of children when parents separate (Burgoyne Millar, 1994). Previously, courts were responsible for setting and enforcing maintenance payments however, very few fathers paid anything for their children (Ref). The new approach required absent fathers to pay higher amounts for their children and enforced these payments much more rigorously than in the past. It could however be argued that the governments intentions of introducing the CSA was for the benefit of the state rather than the children, as a large number of lone-parents are unable to work. In which case the lone-parents receive no financial gain from the absent parent as any child support collected is simply deducted from their benefits. In 1996 the Child Poverty Action Group issued a report which indicated that one in four children were living in poverty (CPAG,). Although the destitution of the post-war days had gone, children were found to be living in conditions well below standards that we consider acceptable in todays society. Single parents are finding it extremely hard to exist on single parent benefit but many feel embedded in the poverty trap. It has been widely acknowledged that child care can be costly and the Governments scheme to assist with the cost of child care has been welcomed by many single parents wishing to return to work. However, many still find the costs too much even with support from the Child Care Grants. In addition to the cost of child care, many single mothers in a low-paying jobs battle with their imperative to keep a job so they can buy food and shelter for their children, and their responsibility to see the health, safety and education of their children. The needs of children can crea te a crisis when family needs overlap with demands of employers. This can discourage many employers from employing single parents. Theorists such as Bowlby, Stern, Clyman and Bucci (Gerhardt, 2004) have written much about the benefits of secure bonds for very young childrens development. In the case of Buccis theory, the development of a secure internal schema is given as much importance as the visible external schemas that practitioners strive to recognise and extend. It could therefore be argued, the Governments underlying aim to have as many adults working outside of the home as possible, regardless of the age of their children, is to the detriment of the long term social and emotional development of the children involved. A vital part of the Governments strategy to end child poverty was the introduction of Sure Start Centres where the intention is to ‘improve outcomes for all children. (Sure Start, 2008) However, the first brief for Sure Start centered on the goals of ‘helping prevent family breakdown and promoting readiness for school (Link, 2000. P94). The move towards Sure Start providing child care rather than purely child and family support could be viewed as a Government tool for removing parental choice and encouraging parents to work. In the year 2000, the Department for Education and Employment described Sure Start as ‘a cornerstone of the Governments drive to tackle child poverty and social exclusion. (DfEE, 2000) This aim supports the research of many interested organisations such as the Institute for Public Policy Research who stated in 1998 that ‘social inclusion is best promoted though enhanced employment opportunity (Oppenheim, 1998. P113) and that ‘poverty and deprivation in childrens families and in their neighbourhoods is associated with their performance at school. (Oppenheim, 1998. P139) This would suggest that literature supports the Governments views in building an educated workforce and supports the Sure Start family Centres aim to meet both the individual needs of the family to get an early start in education support to narrow the performance gap. Due to the ineffectiveness of the Poor Law policies of the nineteenth century, many self-help organisations were set up to offer help to those who needed it. Many of these charities remained independent of government control or influence. British social policy, in relation to child poverty acknowledges the major contribution of these organistions in promoting childrens needs. The importance of the functions and responsibilities of the voluntary sector are well documented. This was evident in the Wolfenden Report 1978 which viewed the voluntary sector as one of the four sets of institutions through which social needs are met(Taylor Woods, 2005). Changes in society, to some degree, have caused poverty. Work for unskilled men and women have become more difficult to find. The wages paid for unskilled workers is far less, therefore creating a huge wage divide for skilled and unskilled workers. Poverty today is not just about money, it is also about feeling of worthlessness in society. Many pathways have been blocked and more and more people are finding it increasing difficult to break free from poverty cycle due to employers requiring skilled workers. People becoming The social security system is complex and the ongoing use of mean-testing for assessing eligibility for benefits may prevent some families from making claims this could prevent some children from being ‘lifted out of poverty. All parents including lone-parents, have been encouraged to take up paid work through the vigorous promotion of employment opportunities and child care support coupled with the policing of benefit use. It is increasingly evident that Britain is investing in children today in recognition of the children as the ‘future adults and future workforce of our society. Literature acknowledges that a countrys success is progressively tied to its workforce (Melhuish et al, 2008). Britain isnt alone in recognising that the future workforce is dependent on our children and requires investing in them.